Motor vehicle wiring harness having a grommet between occupant and engine compartments

ABSTRACT

A truck has an occupant compartment ( 24 ), an engine compartment ( 20 ) forward of the occupant compartment, and a wiring harness ( 34 ) extending through a dash panel ( 26 ) separating the two compartments from each other. A grommet ( 46 ) is secured at a fixed location on a wire bundle ( 42 ) that passes through the grommet. The dash has a through-opening in which the grommet seats, and the engine compartment side of the grommet includes a bend ( 48 ) that curves generally downward and away from the dash to direct the bundle generally downward on the engine compartment side.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to the routing of electrical wiring harnesses inmotor vehicles, and in particular to a wiring harness having a grommetthat mounts in a through-opening in a dash panel and through which awire bundle is routed between an occupant compartment and an enginecompartment.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Most motor vehicles that operate on roads and highways typically have anoccupant compartment, where the driver and any passenger or passengerssit, and in front of the occupant compartment, an engine compartment forhousing the engine that propels the vehicle.

Certain electrical devices, such as driver information displays andvarious controls, are present inside the occupant compartment. Certainones of those devices need to be in electrical communication withvehicle components that are disposed outside the occupant compartment.Those components include the engine and the transmission through whichthe engine is coupled with the drivetrain.

Consequently it is common practice to bundle wires into wiring harnesseshaving some connectors that make connections to electrical devicesinside the occupant compartment and other connectors that makeconnections to components that are outside the occupant compartment.Necessarily, such harnesses must pass through a wall shared by the twocompartments. Such a wall is sometimes referred to as a dash panel, orsimply a dash.

Because a number of vehicle components and systems are disposed on or inclose proximity to the dash, available space for routing wiringharnesses through the dash is typically at a premium. The location of awiring harness pass-through in the dash is not the only consideration inthe design phase of motor vehicles; the nature of the pass-though isalso a consideration.

One type of pass-through comprises a grommet that fits to athrough-opening in the dash and through which bundled wires pass. Such agrommet may be affixed in some suitable way to the bundled wires so asto be immovable along the length of the harness. Installation of such aharness involves feeding one or more connectors through thethrough-opening and then pulling the harness until the grommet seats inthe through-opening. In that type of pass-through, any connector thatmust be fed through the dash opening must be small enough in size tofreely pass through.

Another type of pass-through is somewhat different in that thethrough-opening in the dash serves as the location where a harness thatis inside the occupant compartment mates with a harness that extendsinto the engine compartment. Mating of the two harnesses is via oneconnector in one harness mating with another connector in the otherharness at the dash. These are sometimes referred to as bulkheadconnectors. For example, the occupant compartment harness can terminatein a connector that fits to the through-opening on one side of the dashand is mounted in any suitable way to the dash. The other harnessterminates in a mating connector that plugs into the connector on theoccupant compartment side of the dash. This type of pass-through istypically more expensive not only because the bulkhead connectors arerequired, but because other design and manufacturing issues often arise.

One of those other issues may be the sequence of steps in assembling avehicle. Certain motor vehicles have what is sometimes called abody-frame construction. A frame provides the structure for mountingchassis components that form the vehicle powertrain. A body forms theoccupant compartment, and at some point in the vehicle assembly process,the body is placed on and fastened to the frame. In the case of a truck,the body is sometimes referred to as the cab.

Assuming that many powertrain components, including the engine,transmission, and drivetrain, have been already mounted on the frame atthe time that the body is placed on the frame, it then becomes necessaryto make connection of engine compartment wiring harness connectors withcorresponding occupant compartment wiring harness connectors. Availablespace considerations after body placement may render it difficult forassembly line personnel to efficiently make those connections.

Certain vehicle models that use essentially the same platform may havedifferent electrical devices and components from vehicle to vehicle.Consequently, while the vehicles are generally similar, the wiring maydiffer from vehicle to vehicle. This means that some wiring harnessesmay have more wires in a bundle and other harnesses fewer wires.Consequently, the diameter of a wiring harness passing through the dashin some vehicles will be larger than in others. The wiring harnessthrough-openings in a dash panel are typically created at the time thedash panel is manufactured, typically by punching in sheet metal duringthe dash panel stamping process. While it would be possible tomanufacture dash panels with different sized wiring harnessthrough-openings, that would introduce complexities that would faroutweigh the benefits. Therefore it is typical for a wiring harnessthrough-opening in a dash that is common to different vehicle models tohave a common size that can accommodate wire bundles of differentdiameters depending on the particular number and size of wires in aharness needed to satisfy requirements for the respective models andtheir electrical equipment.

Sealing of a grommet to bundled wires in a wiring harness may also beimportant in order to provide weather- and sound-tightness through thegrommet. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,270,487 and 6,402,155 are examples of grommetsthat have sealant within the grommet that aids in sealing to the wirebundle passing through the grommet opening.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a novel grommet, wiring harness, andinstallation in a motor vehicle. The invention allows an occupantcompartment wiring harness to extend through a dash and some distanceinto the engine compartment where it can be conveniently connected witha mating harness to electrically connect electrical devices inside theoccupant compartment with vehicle components that are disposed outsidethe occupant compartment.

The invention is especially suitable for use with pre-existing vehicleplatforms and models to allow new electrical features, components, anddevices to be incorporated without extensive re-design of major bodycomponents like a dash panel and cowl tray for example as well as majorsystems like a HVAC system that are closely integrated with the dashpanel. Avoiding extensive structural re-design avoids the costs thatwould be associated with new or redesigned tooling.

The invention provides for a single size grommet to accommodate wiringharnesses of different diameter while enabling suitable sealing betweenthe grommet and the wire bundle passing through the grommet to beconveniently achieved. The grommet also has a configuration that wheninstalled in a dash through-opening directs the wire bundle generallydownward thereby also tending to shed away water, road splash, etc.

A wiring harness comprising such a grommet allows connections to be madeinside the occupant compartment to electrical devices inside theoccupant compartment and an engine compartment connector, or connectors,to be passed through a dash panel through-opening. On the engine side ofthe dash, the harness is pulled through until the grommet reaches thedash at which point it is manipulated to seat it in the through-opening.Preferably, the shape of the through-opening is polarized so that thegrommet can seat in the through-opening in a specific orientation wherethe portion of the grommet on the engine compartment side of the dashwill curve about 90° and extend generally downward.

The downwardly extending portion of the grommet on the enginecompartment side forms a collar around the wiring harness bundle, and bymaking the collar sufficiently deformable, it can be banded by a strapthat girdles and is tightened around the collar to force the collaragainst bundle, thereby aiding in sealing the grommet to the bundle andin assuring that the grommet is located at a desired location along thelength of the harness.

Because the grommet need not be molded onto the wiring bundle, a wiringharness that includes the grommet can, within limits, comprise differentnumbers and sizes of wires. This allows such a harness to be fabricatedat a harness maker by threading insulated wires individually, or ingroups that may or may not be protectively wrapped, through the grommet,and connectors assembled to the stripped ends of the wires after thewires have been so threaded.

One generic aspect of the present invention relates to a motor vehiclecomprising an occupant compartment, an engine compartment forward of theoccupant compartment, and a wiring harness extending through a wallseparating the two compartments from each other. A grommet is secured ata fixed location on a wire bundle that passes through the grommet. Thewall comprises a through-opening in which the grommet seats, and theengine compartment side of the grommet comprises a bend that curvesgenerally downward and away from the wall to direct the bundle generallydownward on the engine compartment side.

Another generic aspect of the present invention relates to a motorvehicle wiring harness comprising a wire bundle having connectors atopposite ends and a grommet that comprises a through-passage throughwhich the wire bundle passes and that is secured at a fixed location onthe wire bundle intermediate the connectors at opposite ends. Thethrough-passage comprises a curved bend, and the grommet comprises, onits exterior, an endless perimeter lip comprising an endless perimetergroove for seating the grommet in a through-opening in a wall of a motorvehicle.

Still another generic aspect of the present invention relates to amethod of installing a wiring harness in a motor vehicle that has aninterior compartment, an exterior compartment adjacent the interiorcompartment, and a wall separating the two compartments from each other.The method comprises passing one or more connectors at one end of a wirebundle through a through-opening in the wall in a direction from onecompartment to the other. Then advancing more of the wire bundle throughthe through-opening in the same direction until the wire bundle has beenadvanced sufficiently to place a grommet that has a substantially rightangle curved bend, through and along which the wire bundle passes,immediately proximate the through-opening on one side of the wall. Thenone end of the grommet is inserted into and through the through-opening,and the grommet is advanced further to pass its curved bend through thethrough-opening until the curved bend is disposed on the other side ofthe wall so as to direct the wire bundle exiting the one end of thegrommet in the other compartment substantially at a right angle to thewire bundle exiting an opposite end of the grommet in the onecompartment.

The foregoing, along with further features and advantages of theinvention, will be seen in the following disclosure of a presentlypreferred embodiment of the invention depicting the best modecontemplated at this time for carrying out the invention. Thisspecification includes drawings, now briefly described as follows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a portion of the interior of a truck'sengine compartment showing a portion of a wiring harness embodyingprinciples of the invention.

FIG. 2 is perspective view showing a grommet that is on the wiringharness.

FIG. 3 is a side elevation view of the grommet.

FIG. 4 is a view in the direction of arrows 4-4 in FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a view in the direction of arrows 5-5 in FIG. 3.

FIG. 6 is a left side view of FIG. 3.

FIG. 7 is a view in the direction of arrows 7-7 in FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 2 showing another embodiment ofgrommet.

FIG. 9 is a side elevation view of the grommet of FIG. 8.

FIG. 10 is a view in the direction of arrows 10-10 in FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is an enlarged view in circle 11 in FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is a left side view of FIG. 9.

FIG. 13 is a right side view of FIG. 9.

FIG. 14 is a view in the same direction as FIG. 13 showing a thirdembodiment of grommet.

FIG. 15 is a right side view of FIG. 14, partly in cross section.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

FIG. 1 shows a portion of an engine compartment 20 of a highway truck 22that is forward of an occupant compartment 24. A dash 26 separates thetwo compartments below a cowl area 28 and windshield 30. Enginecompartment 20 houses an engine 32 that forms part of the truck'spowertrain.

One portion of a wiring harness 34 is disposed inside occupantcompartment 24 and can't be specifically seen in FIG. 1. Another portionof wiring harness 34 is disposed in engine compartment 20 and can beseen in FIG. 1. The latter portion extends from dash 26 some distanceinto engine compartment 20 where it terminates in a connector 36 shownmated with another connector 38. Connector 38 is part of anengine/powertrain wiring harness 40 that has other connectors (notvisible in FIG. 1) that connect with vehicle electrical components thatare disposed either in engine compartment 20 or the underlying chassis.With the two harnesses 34, 40 connected together, electrical devicesinside occupant compartment 24 are electrically connected withelectrical components outside the occupant compartment.

Each harness 34, 40 comprises a respective wire bundle 42, 44 that maybe protectively wrapped. Harness 34 further comprises a grommet 46 thatmounts the harness on dash 26 on a lateral side of the vehicle fore-aftcenterline opposite the side where connectors 36, 38 make connection toeach other. Grommet 46 has a construction that directs wire bundle 42generally downward as it enters engine compartment 20. Grommet 46 isshown by itself in more detail in FIGS. 2-7.

Those Figures show grommet 46 to comprise a through-passage 48 havingopposite ends 50 and 52 where wire bundle 42 enters and exits. Anendless perimeter lip 54 comprising an endless perimeter groove 56surrounds end 50. At end 50, through-passage 48 has a transverse crosssectional shape that is defined by a horizontal lower edge 58, sideedges 60, 62 extending upward from opposite ends of edge 58 atsubstantially right angles to edge 58, and a downwardly concave upperedge 64 extending between upper ends of side edges 60, 62. At end 50,through-passage 48 has a transverse cross section whose area is largerthan that of the through-passage at end 52.

Immediately beyond lip 54, the wall of grommet 46 that definesthrough-passage 48 comprises a 90° bend 64. The transverse cross sectionof the through-passage progressively diminishes throughout the 90° ofthe bend until the bend merges into an initially circular walled section66 that continues downward in a narrowing tapered section 68 that leadsto a short straight circular section 70 ending at end 52.

The downwardly extending portion of grommet 46 on the engine compartmentside of dash 26 that comprises sections 66, 68, 70 forms a collar aroundthe wiring harness bundle. In grommet 46, section 70 may be consideredto be the collar. By making the collar sufficiently deformable, it canbe banded by a strap (like the one shown in FIG. 15) that girdles and istightened around the collar to force the collar against the wire bundlepassing through the grommet, thereby aiding in sealing the grommet tothe bundle and in assuring that the grommet is located at a desiredlocation along the length of the harness.

Dash 26 comprises a through-opening in which grommet 46 seats. The shapeof the through-opening is substantially congruent with that of groove 56so as to allow the margin of the through-opening to lodge in groove 56when grommet 46 is seated in the through-opening. The shape of thethrough-opening in dash 26 is polarized so that grommet 46 can seat inthe through-opening only in a unique orientation where the portion ofthe grommet on the engine compartment side of the dash will curve about90° and extend generally downward, as shown in FIG. 1.

Because grommet 46 is not molded onto wire bundle 42, a wiring harnessthat includes grommet 46 can, within limits, comprise different numbersand sizes of wires. This allows a harness like harness 34 to befabricated at a harness maker by threading insulated wires individually,or in groups that may or may not be protectively wrapped, through thegrommet, and connectors assembled to the stripped ends of the wiresafter the wires have been so threaded.

Wiring harness 34 can be connected to devices inside occupantcompartment 24, and connector 36 can be passed through the dashthrough-opening in the direction from occupant compartment 24 to enginecompartment 20. On the engine side of dash 26, harness 34 can be pulledthrough until grommet 46 reaches the through-opening in dash 26, atwhich point the grommet is manipulated to seat it in thethrough-opening. 12. Seating can be facilitated by personnel who installthe harness manually grasping a tab 72 on the exterior of the grommetwall at bend 64 opposite the dash through-opening and pulling thegrommet into seating in the through-opening. Then connectors 36, 38 canbe mated.

FIGS. 8-13 show another embodiment of grommet 80 that is like grommet46. It differs in that beyond bend 48, the section 82 that extendsvertically downward is not tapered, but rather has a constant crosssection. FIG. 11 shows more detail of lip 54 and groove 56.

FIGS. 14-15 show another embodiment of grommet 90 that is generally likegrommet 46. It differs in certain details such as the shape of end 50,and in the inclusion of an insert 92 that gives shape to bend 48. Itdoes show a strap 94 banding the grommet to the wire bundle immediatelyproximate end 52.

While a presently preferred embodiment of the invention has beenillustrated and described, it should be appreciated that principles ofthe invention apply to all embodiments falling within the scope of thefollowing claims.

1. A motor vehicle comprising: an occupant compartment; an engine compartment forward of the occupant compartment; and a wiring harness extending through a wall separating the occupant compartment and the engine compartment from each other; wherein the wiring harness comprises a grommet through which a wire bundle passes and which comprises an outer perimeter lip having a polarized endless groove seating the grommet in a through-opening in the wall, the through-opening comprising an endless perimeter that is polarized similarly to the polarized groove in the lip to allow the grommet to seat in the through-opening only in an orientation that causes a bend in the grommet on the engine compartment side of the through-opening to curve downwardly and away from the wall.
 2. A motor vehicle as set forth in claim 1 wherein the through-opening is disposed to one lateral side of the vehicle fore-aft centerline, and the wire bundle has a length extending from the grommet to terminate in one or more connectors connecting to one or more mating connectors of another wiring harness on the other lateral side of the vehicle fore-aft centerline.
 3. A motor vehicle as set forth in claim 2 wherein the another wiring harness comprises a powertrain wiring harness comprising the one or more mating connectors of another wiring harness and those one or more mating connectors are mated with the one or more connectors of the wire bundle to connect wires in the wire bundle to one or more powertrain electrical components.
 4. A motor vehicle as set forth in claim 1 wherein the outer perimeter lip surrounds an entrance for the wire bundle on the occupant compartment side of the wall, and the entrance has a transverse cross section that is larger in area than the transverse cross section of an exit through which the bundle exits the grommet on the engine compartment side of the wall.
 5. A motor vehicle as set forth in claim 4 wherein the grommet entrance has a shape defined by a horizontal lower edge, side edges extending upward from opposite ends of the horizontal lower edge, and a downwardly concave upper edge extending between upper ends of the side edges.
 6. A motor vehicle as set forth in claim 5 wherein the side edges are at substantially right angles to the horizontal lower edge.
 7. A motor vehicle as set forth in claim 4 wherein the outer perimeter lip of the grommet and the polarized endless groove are arranged in relation to the through-opening such that the grommet is seated in the through-opening by first passing one or more connectors on an engine compartment end of the wire bundle through the through-opening from the occupant compartment into the engine compartment, then advancing more of the wire bundle through the through-opening in the same direction, and when the wire bundle has been advanced sufficiently to place the grommet immediately proximate the through-opening on the occupant compartment side of the wall, inserting the engine compartment side of the grommet into and through the through-opening, and causing the margin of the through-opening to lodge in the polarized endless groove thereby seating the grommet in the through-opening.
 8. A motor vehicle as set forth in claim 1 wherein the bend in the grommet curves downward to end vertically no lower than the through-opening, and the engine compartment side of the grommet comprises a vertical extension that continues vertically downward beyond the bend.
 9. A motor vehicle as set forth in claim 8 wherein the vertical extension that continues vertically downward beyond the bend has a narrowing taper in the downward direction.
 10. A motor vehicle as set forth in claim 9 further including a strap that girdles the outside of a relatively more narrow portion of the narrowing taper of the extension to tightly band the extension to the wire bundle.
 11. A motor vehicle as set forth in claim 8 including a tab on the exterior of the bend opposite the through-opening that can be gripped for pulling the grommet into seating in the through-opening.
 12. A motor vehicle wiring harness comprising: a wire bundle having connectors at opposite ends; and a grommet comprising a through-passage which includes a curved bend and through which the wire bundle passes, the grommet being secured in a fixed location along the length of the wire bundle, the grommet comprising a polarized endless perimeter lip comprising a polarized endless perimeter groove, for seating the grommet in a similarly-polarized endless perimeter through-opening in a wall in a motor vehicle so that the grommet can seat only in a unique orientation that places the through-passage to one side of the through-opening with the curved bend curving in a particular direction away from where the grommet seats in the through-opening.
 13. A motor vehicle wiring harness as set forth in claim 12 wherein the endless perimeter lip comprises a shape defined by a lower edge, side edges extending upward from opposite ends of the lower edge, and an upwardly convex upper edge extending between upper ends of the side edges.
 14. A motor vehicle wiring harness as set forth in claim 12 wherein the through-passage comprises an entrance and an exit, with the transverse cross section of the entrance being larger in area than the transverse cross section of the exit.
 15. A motor vehicle wiring harness as set forth in claim 12 wherein the curved bend comprises substantially a 90° bend, and the grommet further comprises an extension of the through-passage beyond the 90° bend.
 16. A motor vehicle wiring harness as set forth in claim 15 wherein the extension has a narrowing taper in the direction away from the 90° bend.
 17. A motor vehicle wiring harness as set forth in claim 16 further including a strap that girdles the outside of a relatively more narrow portion of the narrowing taper of the extension to tightly band the extension to the wire bundle.
 18. A motor vehicle wiring harness as set forth in claim 16 including a tab on the exterior of the bend that can be gripped for pulling the grommet into seating in a through-opening.
 19. A motor vehicle comprising: an occupant compartment; an engine compartment forward of the occupant compartment; and a wiring harness extending through a wall separating the occupant compartment and the engine compartment from each other and comprising a grommet that is secured at a fixed location on a wire bundle that passes through the grommet; the grommet comprising an endless perimeter lip having a polarized endless groove; the wall comprising a through-opening having a polarized endless perimeter in which the grommet seats via the grommet's endless perimeter lip and the polarized groove, and the engine compartment side of the grommet comprising a bend that curves generally downward and away from the wall to direct the bundle generally downward on the engine compartment side; wherein the through-opening is disposed to one lateral side of a vehicle fore-aft centerline, the endless perimeter of the through-opening is polarized similarly to the polarized groove in the lip to allow the grommet to seat in the through-opening only in an orientation that causes the bend in the grommet on the engine compartment side of the through-opening to curve downwardly and away from the wall, and the wire bundle has a length extending from the grommet to terminate in one or more connectors connecting to one or more mating connectors of another wiring harness on the other lateral side of the vehicle fore-aft centerline.
 20. A motor vehicle as set forth in claim 19 wherein the another wiring harness comprises a powertrain wiring harness comprising the one or more mating connectors of another wiring harness and those one or more mating connectors are mated with the one or more connectors of the wire bundle to connect wires in the wire bundle to one or more powertrain electrical components. 